From: the_dojang-owner@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com To: the_dojang-digest@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com Subject: The_Dojang-Digest V7 #321 Reply-To: the_dojang@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com Errors-To: the_dojang-owner@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com Precedence: The_Dojang-Digest Mon, 8 May 2000 Vol 07 : Num 321 In this issue: the_dojang: takkyon vs. taekkyon the_dojang: re: KHF the_dojang: interesting site the_dojang: Rapid political changes on Korean Peninsula the_dojang: Re: training at another school the_dojang: Johnson's Tang Soo Do Seminar the_dojang: Ancient Korean martial arts the_dojang: Stanley Henning article in JAMA the_dojang: Commitment to an art vs. learning new things the_dojang: Armenian TKD Open Championship [none] ========================================================================= The_Dojang, serving the Internet since June 1994. 980 members strong! Copyright 1994-2000: Ray Terry and Martial Arts Resource Replying to this message will NOT unsubscribe you. To unsubscribe, send "unsubscribe the_dojang-digest" (no quotes) in the body (top line, left justified) of a plain text e-mail addressed to majordomo@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com. To send e-mail to this list use the_dojang@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com See the Korean Martial Arts (KMA) FAQ and online search the last five years worth of digest issues at http://www.MartialArtsResource.com Pil Seung! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Ray Terry Date: Sun, 7 May 2000 13:39:57 -0700 (PDT) Subject: the_dojang: takkyon vs. taekkyon Another interesting paragraph from the recent JAMA article on Traditional Korean Martial Arts... "Yi Dok-Mu's encyclopedia [1790] offers a fairly comprehensive view of traditional Korean and Chinese martial arts practices that were, in military terms, effectively outmoded at the time of publication. It mixes research from numerous Chinese sources, including Ming general Qi Jiguang's (1528-1587) New Book of Effective Discipline (c.1561), together with contemporary Korean practices, and includes routines, on foot and from horseback, for broadsword (a cross between cutlass and saber), flail, and a variety of poled weapons such as spear, trident, crescent halberd, and others. The chapter on boxing (quanfa in Chinese, kwonbop in Korean, kenpo in Japanese) is taken primarily from General Qi Jiguang's manual, but mixes in a couple of illustrations from a manual on escape and seizing techniques (the possible Chinese precursor to Japanese jujutsu) with Qi's original 32 boxing forms. It is possible that a combination of Chinese boxing and seizing techniques similar to those shown in Qi's manual influenced takkyon, a nineteenth century Korean sport described as employing "flying foot" and grappling techniques (Yi, 1970: ch. 4, 479-512; No, 1974: 145). The term takkyon or "push the shoulders" (not taekkyon, which appears to be based on lack of knowledge of the Chinese characters or an attempt to disassociate it from possible foreign origins) infers a technique possibly similar to that used in tsuppari, paizhang, and shoupai. While takkyon is referred to as a distinctive fighting sport like subak, the term originally may have only been meant to describe a specific subak or kwonbop technique to put an opponent off balance. We are told that its association with undesirable activities such as revenge fights and gambling resulted in its prohibition and demise." FWIW Ray Terry ------------------------------ From: HwarangTSD@aol.com Date: Sun, 7 May 2000 20:07:57 EDT Subject: the_dojang: re: KHF We are a member school of the KHF; however, I can't answer your question without seeing the KHA syllabus. I have been told that there is a major difference, but I don't know for sure, or what the differences would be. Sincerely, Master Frank Clay ------------------------------ From: Ray Terry Date: Sun, 07 May 2000 17:33:03 -0700 Subject: the_dojang: interesting site TKD being used as an academic program in K-8... http://www.academictaekwondo.com Ray Terry ------------------------------ From: Ray Terry Date: Sun, 07 May 2000 18:02:41 -0700 Subject: the_dojang: Rapid political changes on Korean Peninsula Forwarding... Ray Terry - -------------------------------------------------------------------- May to bring about rapid political changes on Korean Peninsula The Korean Peninsula will soon be swept by a series of political changes, as many important diplomatic events involving the two Koreas and their neighbors are scheduled for May, officials and analysts said. For starters, South Korea and the United States are slated to open consultations on their North Korea policies next week. Two senior U.S. officials, State Department counselor Wendy Sherman and U.S. special envoy for North Korea Charles Kartman, will visit Seoul Monday for the bilateral meeting. During their talks with Seoul officials, including Foreign Minister Lee Joung-binn, the U.S. representatives are expected to focus on coordinating the two nations' positions on the inter-Korean summit slated for June 12-14 in Pyongyang. Sherman's visit to Seoul will be followed by her participation in a three-way conference attended by South Korea, the United States and Japan, in which the nations will fine-tune their North Korea policies. The Trilateral Coordination and Oversight Group (TCOG) meeting, a regular deputy minister-level consultative event, is scheduled for Tokyo May 24. North Korea is also set to engage in a high-profile diplomatic campaign this month to improve its relations with major foreign nations. The Communist North plans to announce the re-establishment of diplomatic ties with Australia in the near future. Officials from Belgium and Britain are also scheduled to visit North Korea May 13-16 and May 16-20, respectively, to discuss improving relations. In addition, the 10th round of rapprochement talks between North Korea and Japan will be held May 22-26 in Tokyo. The United States and North Korea will also meet in Rome May 24 to resume the talks that adjourned in March in New York. Washington officials said the United States and North Korea would discuss the implementation of the 1994 Geneva nuclear accord, a high-level North Korean official's planned visit to Washington and the results of the second U.S. inspection of the suspected nuclear facility in Kumchang-ni. The United States reportedly plans to dispatch four inspectors to the site before it holds the Rome meeting between Kartman and North Korean Vice Foreign Minister Kim Gye-gwan. Seoul officials said the North's moves to improve relations with the foreign community, to discuss its nuclear program with the United States and to agree on the summit with South Korea all demonstrate that the "Perry Process" is working. Named after former U.S. Defense Secretary William Perry, the package proposal jointly formulated by Washington, Seoul and Tokyo is aimed at giving the North diplomatic and economic incentives in return for its suspension of programs to develop weapons of mass destruction. "The North's moves indicate that it has virtually accepted Perry's proposals," said an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, speaking on condition of anonymity. Another North Korea expert said Pyongyang's push to establish ties with several foreign countries stems from its need to rebuild its ailing economy. "The North feels the need to improve relations with foreign countries and South Korea to attract foreign investment and technology," said Huh Moon-young, a senior research fellow at the Korea Institute for National Unification, a government think tank. He added that the North's agreement to hold a summit with the South was proof that it was changing its policy of focusing on normalizing relations with the United States. Updated: 05/05/2000 by Shin Yong-bae Staff reporter ------------------------------ From: Jerry Nowaczyk Date: Mon, 08 May 2000 00:08:11 -0500 Subject: the_dojang: Re: training at another school Ann-Marie.... My daughter, (now an 18 year old, 3rd dan in TSD) had something of the same problem that you have now. She needed more rigorious sparring training than she was getting in her home school. ...First I would suggest you talk to your instructor. Explain your concerns and what you would like to do and see if your instructor is for or against it...many instructors have no problem with your attending (visiting) other classes. Other instructors do have a problem with it. They may suggest that you wait til you have a firmer grounding in your home style before branching out. Or may feel that there is no need for you to look at anything outside of the style that they teach. Once you know how your instructor feels, you must make the decision. My daughter took some training from a chinese stylist she knows and still trains occasionally at a local Japanese dojo that engages in a more contact, more tournament oriented style than her WTSDA home school practices. This has worked for her as she has done very well in the several open tournaments she does each year and she has been named Grand Champion in the last two years WTSDA regional championships. (I 'm pretty proud of her ((if you can't tell, hee-hee)) the second one was just this past weekend. So cross training was right for her, but whether it would be right for you is something only you can decide. =Jerry= Ann-Marie White wrote: > > I think I'm going through an odd crisis of conscience. My concerns began a few > weeks ago when one of my friends suggested that I > consider actually training at his school on occassion. Then, last week > another friend of mine who goes to another school suggested the I do the > same thing at her school. My school places a heavy emphasis on the poomse > and on techinque. While we spar, it is not the overarching main focus. > While the training I receive is very good (and I enjoy it), it is not as > intense as what I would get at either other school. My friends, who are > both instructors at their respective schools, are not suggesting that I > train with them because I'm a phenomonal student, I'm not, I'm just > serious. I'm flattered that these particular friends of mine, whom I admire > most in the martial arts, think I have the commitment to train seriously > with them. However, my commitment comes primarily from how I view life and > the things I do in it not TKD specifically (they know this). Today we > chatted again about training together. It suddenly dawned on me that if I > seriously trained with them it would probably mean me eventually leaving my > school and joing one of theirs. > > It's not just forms or > sparring, more precision or less, super intense workouts or less intense > ones. I think I'm trying to access my commitment to the art and what TKD > means to me (and I must admit I'm a little miffed at having to seriously > think about this so early in my training). That's why I can't simply say, > "Ooh that's more intense, I'll go there" It's not just "intensity" that > matters and I'm struggling to name the other things that do. > > I'd rather not start a discussion of whether or not it is right or wrong > for my friends to extend offers to me to train with them. I don't think > they are trying to "steal" me away from my school or undermine my > instructors. They are not the head instructor at their schools, they are > just one of many. They also have never said anything harsh about my school > or my training. I think they honestly do care about my progress and me. > The issue I want, and need, to deal with is: what do I do now. > ------------------------------ From: Nick McKenna Date: Mon, 8 May 2000 08:34:56 +0100 Subject: the_dojang: Johnson's Tang Soo Do Seminar Dear All I was at Seni2000 in Birmingham (UK) this weekend and two significant things happened. Number one was Master Tony Johnson's Tang Soo Do seminar on knife attacks / defense. This was a fantastic event. Out of all the seminars throughout the weekend, Master Johnson's has the highest attendance (over seventy people despite there being only fifty places). There was a strong turnout from some fantastic Tang Soo Do practitioners in Bristol (apologies - I don't know the name of the club). We covered a knife form (hyung), several knife defences (a sweep, a scissor defence, a defence against a high attack etc). There was also a great spontaneous seminar on pressure points which I won't forget in a hurry! Triple kicks were also on the agenda for the day (I need to work on this!) as well as a two-footed kick (to two seperate targets). In closing, we covered some kick forms. After the physical side of things was over, Master Johnson shared some of the history of what we had seen during the seminar, such as the origin of Wan Duan, the knife form and why he has shaved his beard off! Afterwards, there was a get-together at The Clarence in Earlsdon at which we had a chance to meet less formally with the visitors from around the country. All in all, it was a fantastic seminar and day out. I know that everyone who attended leart a lot and had a lot of fun, so we accomplished all the goals we had set out. I would encourage all of you who can to get yourself to one of Master Johnson's classes or Seminars. The school is based around Leamington / Coventry with various other classes around the area (www.johnsonstangsoodo.co.uk). The second great event of the day was the display by the Shaolin Monks on their first visit to the UK. These guys (no girls!) were fantastic atheletes and martial artists. The jumps, the weapon techniques, the strength, endurance and courage on display was incredible! There were children bending their bodies into bizarre positions and men whirling bongs, spears, chains and all manner of crazy weaponary. See these guys at any opportunity you get. Apologies for having gone on so long, but as you can tell, I had a great weekend! Tang Soo! - ---------------------------------------------- Nick McKenna (5th Gup Johnson's Tang Soo Do) nick@arutha.demon.co.uk Nick_McKenna@PortaSystemsDev.com ------------------------------ From: Andrew Pratt Date: Wed, 10 May 2000 19:18:15 +0900 Subject: the_dojang: Ancient Korean martial arts Dear all, Jeremy and Ray, and a few others, have been discussing the origins of Korean martial arts. I now have time to chip in. >> From: JEREMYT@ATFI.COM (JeremyT) Date: Thu, 4 May 2000 09:21:22 -0500 Subject: the_dojang: Korean Tribal Arts I would have to disagree with you on this RayT. There are etchings, ceramics, statues, artwork, etc. that depict fighting stances, people engaged in combat, and other various martial related material. There is hardly any books due to the Japanese occupation. However, I believe the arts could have been handed down from generation to generation. << The earliest illustrations we have that are claimed to represent martial arts are in one excavated tomb in North Korea. However, many unbiased observers question what the figures actually represent. The two figures are not in contact and are not doing anything recognizable military (e.g. kicking). They may be just dancing, as other drawings of women in the tomb are thought to be doing. These tombs are thought to predate Koguryu and were constructed when the area was under Chinese control. Other tombs, and remains, in the area suggest a strong Chinese connection. The next earliest 'evidence' are the statues at Pulkuk-sa. These date from the Silla period, several hundred years after the previous example. The statues, though obviously in military pose, are not unique to Korea and similar statues can be found throughout NE Asia. They can not be used as evidence for the existence of Korean martial arts. There are a few paintings which are said to show martial arts, but most (all?) date from the late Choson period:- at least 1,000 years after our previous examples. To sum up, my argument is that there is a discontinuity of evidence. This makes it difficult to trace martial traditions in Korea, but also suggests that because of the lack of records, that the tradition may not have been that strong. (Also see Dakin Burdick's paper. I believe Ray has a link) I have not heard of etchings of martial scenes on pottery. I would be interested if you can source your claim. Which Japanese occupation are you referring to? Certainly, the Hideyoshi invasion saw much destruction and book burning and carting off of books. However, I don't believe that this occurred on a large scale from 1910-45. The Japanese stole many records (as did all Imperial powers), but I don't think they embarked on a campaign of wanton destruction. I think that private citizens were allowed to keep their collections. State records also, I believe, largely survived. The records the Japanese did burn in 1945 were their own incriminating records. More destructive was the civil war 1950-3 which saw the destruction of everything. What wasn't bombed was burned for fuel. >> From: Ray Terry Date: Thu, 04 May 2000 10:05:40 PDT Subject: Re: the_dojang: Korean Tribal Arts > Almost anything is possible, but is it probable? The cave drawings could just as easily be ritual dance steps as they could be fighting stances. < Ray is correct to be dubious > In short, the Choson dynasty was so unsupportive of martial arts for so very very long. < But why blame the Choson kingdom? Silla and Koryo both collapsed before Choson appeared. Why should ancient martial arts survive two kingdoms but fall with the third? >I also believe that the KSW history indicates that CHOI Yong-sool was a expert in Korean Tribal Arts? Did he learn them before leaving for Japan at the tender age of ~9? Did he learn them in Japan? I submit that this is simply another case of creative marketing within the Korean martial arts community. Similar to TaeKwonDo's claim of being 2000 years old or HwaRangDo's claim of being an 'ancient martial art'. < Ray's question is probing and the one where most claims fall. When did so-and-so learn this ancient art, where did they learn it and from whom. Answers to these questions are normally not very convincing. Does General Choi 'founder of TKD' also claim TKD is a 2000 year-old martial art? >> From: JEREMYT@ATFI.COM (JeremyT) Date: Thu, 4 May 2000 14:39:24 -0500 Subject: the_dojang: Korean Tribal Arts True, however, I believe the majority depicted on the cave drawings are of men, and not women, and would lead one to believe that this is more combat related. There are other artworks that even depict ladies with the bow and arrow. << I think it would be dangerous to crudely count the number of figures and claim that there are more men ergo more martial arts. The figures are shown conducting different aspects of life. If martial arts are displayed, then that is just one aspect of life at that time. Do not read too much into archery. Archery was used for hunting as much as for war. Also, archery plays an important part in Confucian ethics. One practises archery as one practises writing. It is good for the soul. We are not necessarily looking at military skills. > True the Choson dynasty looked down upon fighting arts as something for thugs and peasants however that doesn't mean that they weren't practiced, they just weren't widely practiced. One argument from Kumdo masters is that they started the art, but due to the Choson dynasty the Japanese were the ones to develope it to what it is today. Who knows, some of those Choson aristocrats may have practiced in private. < We have little evidence either way. We know that the military system collapsed. Military service was converted into a tax. Many peasants ran away to avoid being conscripted. Things became so bad that slaves were used. They ran away too. In the 19th century there were several bad famines (people have no time to practise martial arts during famines). The 'founder' (resurrector?) of Taekkyon tells us that Taekkyon was practised by gangs in Seoul and prize fighters. The Choson government had, apparently, initiated a clamp down on Taekkyon, but Taekkyon may have been dying out anyway. (See Capener). The second claim is also dangerous. If the Japanese learned from the Koreans, where did the Koreans learn their skills from? History tells us from China and the NE Asian peoples (Tungsic tribes). Where did they learn their skills from. And so on. In a similar vein, when does an art become something new? After the Koreans learned their skills from the Chinese, when did these skills 'Korean' (and later Japanese)? When did all this happen? We can date this, to around 660AD. This is when Paekche fell and large numbers of soldiers and the royal clan fled to Japan. However, as we all know, Japan spent almost a millennium in civil war (on and off) until the Hideyoshi brought peace in the 16th century. It is likely that any martial arts learned from Paekche (assuming they existed) would have been long lost under such turmoil. As to Choson aristocrats. We know quite well how they lived in public and private. Like all elites, they wrote about themselves most copiously. They idealised Neo-Confucian thought and generally followed those teachings. Martial arts were not part of the curriculum. The references we have to dancing and martial arts suggests that the elite were discouraged from practising them (except formal court dances to please the spirits). This was social pressure more than legal pressure. As I noted above, archery can be treated somewhat separately but was not practised in a military manner. One is on stronger ground if one looks at martial arts among the peasantry, but as I suggested above, evidence is very scant. > From: "J. R. West" Date: Thu, 4 May 2000 19:03:56 -0500 Subject: the_dojang: Fw: The_Dojang-Digest V7 #313 This actually pre-dated Dr. Kimm's involvement in KSW, and like all of his other historical works, it was done without attempting to favor one person or organization's viewpoint. I have the book in front of me, and the "tribal period" includes the time from 2333 BC to 57 BC and gives a highly detailed look into Korean life at that time including weapons such as the stone knife and techniques like "stone throwing techniques" as well as the design and arrangement of groups of villages, and the various warrior codes of the time. < More problems I'm afraid. We have no Korean written records until 900AD; long, long after the period in question. Chinese sources exist but are unhelpful. As with all articles on ancient society, 90% of what you read is speculation. Stone throwing did survive as a traditional game. I believe it was banned by the last Choson king because it caused too many injuries (two villages would line up at a brook and throw stones at each other). Now I am speaking in reference to Choson society. I don't know how you project this game back into prehistory. The warrior codes probably refer to widely quoted, and misquoted, codes for the Hwarang. Read them with open eyes and one finds that none of them speak of martial behaviour. Despite being attributed to a Buddhist monk, four of them talk in Confucian terms of respect to elders. Only one, 'do not destroy life,' could vaguely be construed as having a martial meaning but is more likely to be Buddhist in origin. >other games and activities. There was also si-rrum (Korean style wrestling). In addition, I believe this is where people get the art of Tae-Kyon from. Many people misunderstand what Tae-Kyon is and where it comes from. Basically this art refers to the general "martial art" type activity that occurred in these gathering. My father has told me that the only remaining true Tae-Kyon martial artists/historian died several years ago. Most of the current practioners are converted Tae Kwon Do masters who combine the acrobatic kicks of TKD with the basic rythmic movements of Tae Kyon. It is undeniable, though, that Koreans have a tradition of tribal martial arts. < Your statement is a little unclear. Ssirum is distinct from Taekkyon. But both were practised by farmers (to the extent that they are recorded in history). I am saddened to hear that he died. He was a 'national treasure.' I know Capener met him, and I would have liked to have had the privilege. I have heard comments from other sources that Taekkyon is becoming 'TKD'-like. One final comment. When reading claims for undiluted ancient arts, consider the logic of the statement. Look around at Korean culture and see what other relics of the ancient culture in modern Korean society. If you see none, ask why should only martial arts survive? Even better, look at your own culture (American, European, etc) and consider what aspects of your culture have survived 2000 years of change and development. Food for thought (I hope), Andrew ------------------------------ From: burdickd Date: Mon, 8 May 2000 06:10:37 -0500 (EST) Subject: the_dojang: Stanley Henning article in JAMA I'll second Ray's recommendation on this article. Henning has written a couple other articles on old Chinese military texts, and he knows what he is talking about. On the other hand, I think he was a bit rough on t'aekkyon. I've noticed a couple of people mentioning that the real t'aekyyon is gone because the two last "real" practitioners died in 1987, but my old instructor, Ki-Hyun Do, received his teaching certificates from both of those men, and still teaches in Korea, so it is not quite dead I'd say. Granted, the style I learned was flowing and more of a game than the street fighting that Dok-ki Song seems to have taught, but it still was very different from anything else I've seen and the system felt old because it was so coherent. What I'd love to know is how takkyon became t'aekkyon. Obviously it made this change by 1955 when Gen. Ch'oe named t'aekwondo. Yours in the arts, Dakin Burdick burdickd@indiana.edu ------------------------------ From: burdickd Date: Mon, 8 May 2000 06:32:56 -0500 (EST) Subject: the_dojang: Commitment to an art vs. learning new things I began in hapkido and then switched to kempo and then t'aekwondo because I wanted more structure to what I was doing. Now I've come back to hapkido because I found t'aekwondo too restrictive. If you love the arts you'll be doing them for a long time, so make your training decisions based on what you want now, and where you'd like them to go. I know that around here there's just too many people I'd like to train with, and I have to prioritize. Sometimes you make errors. I tend to take any opportunity I can to train with old masters, as they might not be around long, but this led me to put off training a lot in silat (Maunde Muda Maen Po) with Herman Suwanda. He was a relatively young guy (in his 40s) with a LOT of talent, and I thought he'd be around forever, but he and his wife just died in a car wreck in Germany. I miss them and their knowledge. As for switching schools, your training in the old school will stick with you and keep informing your new training. My current interest in hapkido is teaching me that the p'algwae forms I used to teach in t'aekwondo have a lot of hapkido in them, which I think was an attribute of our kwan, at least as it was transmitted to us. Lots of people change schools. It is painful for an instructor to lose a student, but perhaps the art is more important than the school. If you see something that will make your art more complete, go get it. Yours in the arts, Dakin Burdick burdickd@indiana.edu PS: Ann-Marie, as an "intense" female student of the martial arts, you are a valued commodity. Very few schools have great female black belts, and everyone will want to steal you away. Isn't that great? :) It's nice to be wanted, and if you want to be "stolen away" to something new, then it is even better. You have no way of knowing other people's motivations, so just concentrate on your own. What do YOU want? ------------------------------ From: taekwon@freenet.am Date: Mon, 8 May 2000 13:09:27 +0000 Subject: the_dojang: Armenian TKD Open Championship On 30 June-1, 2 July will take place 1st Armenian taekwondo Open International Junior Championship. In the chamipionship can paticipate Junior Male and Junior Female, from 2nd Geup to 4th Dan (holder of WTF and KKW Certificate) (age: Juniors 14 to 17 years old). Competition rules: WTF Competition rules. Location: Dinamo sporthall, Yerevan, Armenia. Method of Competition: standard K. O. system, single elimination. Elimination rounds: 3x3 minutes (if possible, otherwise 3-2 minutes). Electronic scoring system will be used. Entry fee for each contestant is 15 US $. You (your team) can get the application form for participation by sending a mail to: taekwon@freenat.am or visiting the Web site of the championship: http://www.astroatlas.com/armtkd/Welcome.htm 2000 ARMENIA, "VAMK SASUN" OPEN INTERNATIONAL TAEKWONDO CHAMPIONSHIPS Devoted to the memory of died on October 27, 1999 in the parlament of Armenia 30 June-1, 2 July To: National Taekwondo Federations, Clubs and Associations OFFICIAL INVITATION Dear Sir, It's my great pleasure to invite you and your national junior male and female teams and clubs to participate in the first International Armenian open Championships which will be held in the city of YEREVAN on June 30, 1, 2, July 2000. I assure you that the Organizing Committee will make every effort to make this event very successful. I hope that you will have a most pleasant stay in our country and look forward to meet you in YEREVAN. Hence, you are kindly requested to inform us of your participation in the above mentioned tournament no later than May 30, 2000. Sincerely yours, TIGRAN PASHABEZYAN PRESIDENT You can contact to Organizing Committee by following addresses: Our address: 80 Aram st., Yerevan, Armenia E- Mail: taekwon@freenet.am Fax: (3742) 534749 AT&T: (3742) 151795 Tel. (3742) 534749 Web Page: http://www.astroatlas.com/armtkd/Welcome.htm Promoter: TAEKWONDO FEDERATION OF ARMENIA Organizer: TAEKWONDO "VAMK SASUN" CLUB Information Sponsor: AREVELIAN MARATRVEST - EAST MARTIAL ART magazine E- Mail: mtigr@freenet.am Home Page: www. http://www.astroatlas.com/martialart/Welcome.htm ------------------------------ From: Ray Terry Date: Mon, 8 May 2000 06:52:34 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [none] ------------------------------ End of The_Dojang-Digest V7 #321 ******************************** It's a great day for Taekwondo! Support the USTU by joining today. US Taekwondo Union, 1 Olympic Plaza, Ste 405, Colorado Spgs, CO 80909 719-578-4632 FAX 719-578-4642 ustutkd1@aol.com http://www.ustu.com To unsubscribe from the_dojang-digest send the command: unsubscribe the_dojang-digest -or- unsubscribe the_dojang-digest your.old@address in the BODY of an email (top line, left justified) addressed to majordomo@hpwsrt.cup.hp.com. Old digest issues are available via ftp://ftp.martialartsresource.com. Copyright 1994-2000: Ray Terry and Martial Arts Resource Standard disclaimers apply.