Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 09:24:54 -0700 From: the_dojang-request@martialartsresource.net Subject: The_Dojang digest, Vol 9 #486 - 10 msgs X-Mailer: Mailman v2.0.13.cisto1 MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Errors-To: the_dojang-admin@martialartsresource.net X-BeenThere: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.13.cisto1 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net X-Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net X-Subscribed-Address: kma@martialartsresource.com List-Id: The Internet's premier discussion forum on Korean Martial Arts. List-Post: List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , List-Help: Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: Send The_Dojang mailing list submissions to the_dojang@martialartsresource.net To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit http://martialartsresource.net/mailman/listinfo/the_dojang or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to the_dojang-request@martialartsresource.net You can reach the person managing the list at the_dojang-admin@martialartsresource.net When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of The_Dojang digest..." <<------------------ The_Dojang mailing list ------------------>> Serving the Internet since June 1994. Copyright 1994-2002: Ray Terry and Martial Arts Resource The Internet's premier discussion forum devoted to Korean Martial Arts. See the Korean Martial Arts (KMA) FAQ and the online search engine for back issues of The_Dojang at http://MartialArtsResource.com Pil Seung! Today's Topics: 1. Tournaments (Ryan Parks) 2. water theory? (Mathew wilson) 3. insurance (Charles Richards) 4. RE: Rank test Master Kind of Harsh (Laurie S.) 5. Rank test Master Kind of Harsh (Garrett, Bobbea) 6. Re: water theory? (Jye nigma) 7. MA injuries (TNTcombatives@aol.com) 8. Re: water theory? (Ray Terry) 9. RE: MA injuries (Wallace, John) 10. RE: MA injuries - 23 Journal Abstracts (v. long) (Wallace, John) --__--__-- Message: 1 Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2002 20:29:06 -0700 (PDT) From: Ryan Parks To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Subject: [The_Dojang] Tournaments Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net I was at the Governor's Cup (Lacey, WA) on Saturday, which was a lot of fun, but beforehand I hadn't looked at the registration forms with the tournament's address, where it was, etc. Now it was Friday afternoon, my dojang was closed, I couldn't reach anyone, so I had to find somewhere where I could find out where the tournament was going on. Many hours later I finally found some website where it had the address of the college it was at, but I had a heck of a time finding it; does anyone know a website where I can find tournament dates, and the such, it would be a great help. By the way is anyone here in the Seattle area, or know Master Y.S. Lee, if you do, just mail me something, like what dojang you go to. Thanks Ryan __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More http://faith.yahoo.com --__--__-- Message: 2 From: "Mathew wilson" To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 13:38:38 +0100 Subject: [The_Dojang] water theory? Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net I was wondering if any of you lot could tell me about the MA tang su do? i apolagise for the mis spelling, just that a second dan grade, (of TKD) of a different club came down and trained with us, he was also training in tang su do, he showed some awesome techniques and mentioned some thing about the water theory as he through master paul to the ground.. any help would be greatly appreciated... mathew wilson 6th kup _________________________________________________________________ Join the world’s largest e-mail service with MSN Hotmail. http://www.hotmail.com --__--__-- Message: 3 Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 06:17:31 -0700 (PDT) From: Charles Richards To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Subject: [The_Dojang] insurance Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net I'm looking for recommendations on who to use for insurance, both general liablility for day to day classes, etc. and also event coverage for a tournament. Has anyone had a particularly good or bad experience you might share? Jason what size is your club? That will help with the suggestions 0-15, 15-30, 30-100, etc.? ALso how far are you from Omaha, or can you reccomend a good TSD or traditional TKD school in Omaha? Yours in Jung Do, Charles Richards Moja Kwan TSD __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Health - Feel better, live better http://health.yahoo.com --__--__-- Message: 4 From: "Laurie S." To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 09:46:53 -0400 Subject: [The_Dojang] RE: Rank test Master Kind of Harsh Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Craig wrote: >>>>In the same context, the master in question should not have insulted you >>>>publicly with the 'should be a white belt if could not perform basic >>>>self defense techniques.' line. Someone going for a black belt will be >>>>graded more harshly then someone testing for a green belt. Mistakes >>>>tolerated at whilte belt will not be at green belt.>>>>> I agree with Craig on this one. My master instructor is "laxed" when it comes to testing brown belts and under. He isn't so harsh on us. But once you reach red belt, he gets hard to please. I seen him test red belts and if something isn't almost perfect, you fail. You HAVE to know all your forms, and do them without a mistake. You have to break on the first shot, ect. He does let you try again at a "make-up" test though (just the stuff you had trouble on, not everything). My TSD instructor was a little harder to please when it came to color belt tests. But if you made a mistake, he would give you another chance, but just one. He scared the poopoo outta me when he was on the floor, so I did everything almost perfect. But yet, he was my bud outside the dojang. He was a totally different person when he isn't teaching. He'd go from "strict instructor" to just a regular guy once he stepped off the training floor. Maybe your instructor wanted to make his tests a little more strict. He (the GM) shouldn't have insulted you, but that could be the reason. Laurie High green belt TKD (5th gup TSD) _________________________________________________________________ MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx --__--__-- Message: 5 From: "Garrett, Bobbea" To: "'the_dojang@martialartsresource.net'" Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 10:25:46 -0400 Subject: [The_Dojang] Rank test Master Kind of Harsh Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net I feel part of testing is the stress from the mental challenge. If your confidence goes down and your concentration, you have more difficulty in performing the techniques. If you are studying to learn how defend yourself, you are learning about how you react to stress in the challenging environment of a rank test. At green belt level there are more demands placed on a student and it will increase as you progress through the ranks. I have been challenged by an Instructor to do it the "right way" with the added comment that she could see I had good technique and she truly wanted me to learn the technique with proper application. You finished your comment with "you are really concerned and serious" and it might possibly be that the (guest Grandmaster) saw your potential and simply wanted to challenge you to grow. Sometimes when someone pushes you hard, it is because they can see something that you can not! <> --__--__-- Message: 6 Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 07:30:56 -0700 (PDT) From: Jye nigma Subject: Re: [The_Dojang] water theory? To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net I'm not sure if this is the same as what the person was refering to but: Water is fluid in it's range of motions, it can flow, or it can crash to completely crush or destroy anything in it's path. Water adapts to different shapes. I beleive bruce lee stated it best when talking about water...."pour water into a cup....it becomes the cup..." This is how we need to approach the martial arts. Knowledge of the 5 element fighting principles/theories should be studied. Jye --- Mathew wilson wrote: > I was wondering if any of you lot could tell me > about the MA tang su do? > i apolagise for the mis spelling, just that a second > dan grade, (of TKD) of > a different club came down and trained with us, he > was also training in tang > su do, he showed some awesome techniques and > mentioned some thing about the > water theory as he through master paul to the > ground.. > any help would be greatly appreciated... > mathew wilson 6th kup > > _________________________________________________________________ > Join the world’s largest e-mail service with MSN > Hotmail. > http://www.hotmail.com > _______________________________________________ > The_Dojang mailing list > The_Dojang@martialartsresource.net > http://martialartsresource.net/mailman/listinfo/the_dojang __________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More http://faith.yahoo.com --__--__-- Message: 7 From: TNTcombatives@aol.com Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 10:56:59 EDT To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Subject: [The_Dojang] MA injuries Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Greetings All, A couple years back, there was a published article on various sports injuries that listed martial arts in the ranking. I think it could have been BB magazine, but I'm not sure. Does anyone know of published studies comparing injury received during sport practice that includes MA or TKD? Does anyone remember which magazine had the article? I went through my chaotic archives and could not find anything. Thanks in advance, Mark Gajdostik --__--__-- Message: 8 From: Ray Terry Subject: Re: [The_Dojang] water theory? To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 08:34:58 -0700 (PDT) Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net > _________________________________________________________________ > > Join the world’s largest e-mail service with MSN > > Hotmail. > > http://www.hotmail.com > > _______________________________________________ > > The_Dojang mailing list > > The_Dojang@martialartsresource.net > > > http://martialartsresource.net/mailman/listinfo/the_dojang > > > __________________________________________________ > Do you Yahoo!? > Faith Hill - Exclusive Performances, Videos & More > http://faith.yahoo.com > _______________________________________________ > The_Dojang mailing list > The_Dojang@martialartsresource.net > http://martialartsresource.net/mailman/listinfo/the_dojang Please remember to trim your posts so that the above does not occur. Thanks. Ray Terry rterry@idiom.com --__--__-- Message: 9 From: "Wallace, John" To: "'the_dojang@martialartsresource.net'" Subject: RE: [The_Dojang] MA injuries Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 08:33:37 -0700 Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Hi Mark You might be thinking of an article that appeared in Journal of Asian Martial Arts (JAMA): Vol. 10:3 -- Kemerly, T. et al. "Injuries sustained in martial arts practice" If I recall correctly, it listed bruising as the highest frequency injury, followed by ankle sprains. I'll see if I can scare up any other reviewed articles. John W. I Dan, TKD Fremont, CA -----Original Message----- From: TNTcombatives@aol.com [mailto:TNTcombatives@aol.com] Sent: Monday, October 14, 2002 7:57 AM To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net Subject: [The_Dojang] MA injuries Greetings All, A couple years back, there was a published article on various sports injuries that listed martial arts in the ranking. I think it could have been BB magazine, but I'm not sure. Does anyone know of published studies comparing injury received during sport practice that includes MA or TKD? Does anyone remember which magazine had the article? I went through my chaotic archives and could not find anything. Thanks in advance, Mark Gajdostik _______________________________________________ The_Dojang mailing list The_Dojang@martialartsresource.net http://martialartsresource.net/mailman/listinfo/the_dojang --- Incoming mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.400 / Virus Database: 226 - Release Date: 10/9/2002 --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.400 / Virus Database: 226 - Release Date: 10/9/2002 --__--__-- Message: 10 From: "Wallace, John" To: "'the_dojang@martialartsresource.net'" Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 08:54:28 -0700 Subject: [The_Dojang] RE: MA injuries - 23 Journal Abstracts (v. long) Reply-To: the_dojang@martialartsresource.net All: In response to Mark Gajdostik's question about published articles on Martial Arts injuries, I searched PubMed, which is a database of abstracts from professional and academic journals. There is a ton of stuff out there, much of it looks really interesting. If you'd like to get the articles themselves, some of them are available online through the listed journals. Others can be ordered through your local library, or easily through a university library. Unfortunately for me, the only journals I have free access to are molecular biology related, so I'll have to do the same. Ray, if this isn’t an appropriate use of the list bandwidth, let me know and in the future I'll figure out some other way to get this information to people. John W. I Dan, TKD Fremont, CA 1: Br J Sports Med 2001 Oct;35(5):308-13 Injury and injury rates in Muay Thai kick boxing. Gartland S, Malik MH, Lovell ME. Department of Orthopaedics, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 2LR, UK. OBJECTIVE:To determine the type and number of injuries that occur during the training and practice of Muay Thai kick boxing and to compare the data obtained with those from previous studies of karate and taekwondo. METHODS:One to one interviews using a standard questionnaire on injuries incurred during training and practice of Muay Thai kick boxing were conducted at various gyms and competitions in the United Kingdom and a Muay Thai gala in Holland. RESULTS:A total of 152 people were questioned, 132 men and 20 women. There were 19 beginners, 82 amateurs, and 51 professionals. Injuries to the lower extremities were the most common in all groups. Head injuries were the second most common in professionals and amateurs. Trunk injuries were the next most common in beginners. The difference in injury distribution among the three groups was significant (p< or =0.01). Soft tissue trauma was the most common type of injury in the three groups. Fractures were the second most common in professionals, and in amateurs and beginners it was sprains and strains (p< or =0.05). Annual injury rates were: beginners, 13.5/1000 participants; amateurs, 2.43/1000 participants; professionals, 2.79/1000 participants. For beginners, 7% of injuries resulted in seven or more days off training; for amateurs and professionals, these values were 4% and 5.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The results are similar to those found for karate and taekwondo with regard to injury distribution, type, and rate. The percentage of injuries resulting in time off training is less. PMID: 11579062 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 2: Clin J Sport Med 2001 Jul;11(3):194-8 The cumulative effect of repetitive concussion in sports. Rabadi MH, Jordan BD. Brain Injury Program, Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, White Plains, New York 10605, USA. The increased popularity of contact sports worldwide exposes a large number of participants to both acute and chronic traumatic brain injury. Chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) represents the cumulative, long-term neurological consequences of repetitive concussive and subconcussive blows to the brain. Although this condition has been described primarily in boxing, it may be anticipated in other contact sports such as soccer, football, ice hockey, and the martial arts. Since treatment options in CTBI are relatively limited, the prevention of CTBI is of paramount importance. Minimizing the frequency and severity of acute brain injury in sport will be instrumental in accomplishing this goal. The prevention of CTBI will need to be sport specific and will undoubtedly rely on limiting the exposure of high-risk athletes, utilizing of protective equipment, enforcing strict rule adherence, training and supervising athletes, and increasing medical surveillance. Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 11495325 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 3: Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000 Oct;10(5):292-7 Influence of trauma induced by judo practice on postural control. Perrot C, Mur JM, Mainard D, Barrault D, Perrin PP. Equilibration et Performance Motrice, UFR STAPS, University Henri Poincare-Nancy 1, Villers-les-Nancy, France. Although high-level sports develop specific physiological and sensorimotor abilities involved in balance control, they also increase the risk of injuries. The influence on postural control of lower limb trauma induced by judo practice was examined in healthy and previously injured judoists (PIJ). During static and dynamic tests, performed with or without vision, PIJ achieved the best performances in maintaining proper balance, except for those with the most severe antecedents of trauma. The severity of the pathology appeared to be the most important parameter prejudicial to balance control while the location, frequency and diversity of trauma had only a modest impact. This shows that PIJ develop excellent sensory and cognitive adaptation abilities to constraints involving new patterns of compensation and of body scheme. PMID: 11001397 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: Sportverletz Sportschaden 2000 Mar;14(1):20-4 [Injury profile in modern competitive karate--analysis of 1999 WKC-Karate World Championship Games in Bochum] [Article in German] Muller-Rath R, Bolte S, Petersen P, Mommsen U. Klinik fur Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum Osnabruck. Competitions in Karate are either carried out as Shobu sanbon (with fist padding) or Shobu Ippon (without fist padding). Aim of this study was to gain current data on injuries in modern competitive Karate and to compare the two different competitive systems. During the WKC-Karate-World-Championships held from June 12-13 1999 at Bochum, 392 bouts were carried out. Every injury that was seen by the tournament doctor was registered. 142 competitors sustained 168 injuries: 141 mostly minor contusions of the head and throat, 12 facial lacerations, 3 knock-outs (mild brain injury), 3 thoracal contusions, 1 midfoot fracture and 9 other blunt injuries. We saw more injuries in Shobu Sanbon (146/302 bouts) than in Shobu Ippon (23/90). Most of the injuries (152) were caused by punches. In Shobu Sanbon, kicking techniques led to 17 injuries only. The injury pattern shown here is comparable to earlier studies. Severe injuries in competitive Karate are rare. The higher number of injuries in Shobu sanbon may be due to the longer fighting time and higher scoring. Fist pads used in Shobu Sanbon might also lead to a loss of control. Therefore, prophylactic fist padding to avoid injuries in competitive Karate has to be seen critically. PMID: 10859790 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 5: Clin J Sport Med 2000 Apr;10(2):117-22 Safety recommendations in Shotokan karate. Zetaruk MN, Zurakowski D, Violan MA, Micheli LJ. Division of Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for injury in karate and to establish safety recommendations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of karate injuries. SETTING: Shotokan karate clubs in Boston, Massachusetts, Dallas, Texas, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: All athletes training at each club received surveys. A total of 114 surveys were analyzed (74% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of injuries (requiring any time off from practice), major injuries (requiring at least 7 days off), and multiple injuries (3 or more injuries). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found with respect to sex. For all outcomes, karateka younger than 18 years of age had fewer injuries. The number of karateka with injuries and with multiple injuries increased with belt rank until brown belt, then reached a plateau. Brown and black belts had a greater frequency of major injuries than the lower ranks. Training more than 3 hours per week correlated with an increase in injuries, major injuries, and multiple injuries. CONCLUSION: Shotokan karate appears to be a safe sport, especially for those younger than 18 years of age. Risk of injury increases significantly when younger karateka of any rank or older karateka of lower ranks train more than 3 hours per week; therefore, to reduce the risk of injury to less than 50%, weekly training should be limited to a maximum of 3 hours in these groups. PMID: 10798793 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 6: Accid Anal Prev 2000 May;32(3):421-5 Karate injuries in children and adolescents. Zetaruk MN, Violan MA, Zurakowski D, Micheli LJ. Division of Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for injury and to establish safety guidelines for children in Uechi-Ryu karate. DESIGN: A 1-year retrospective survey of injuries. SETTING: A private karate school (Uechi-Ryu style) in Plymouth, MA. PATIENTS: A total of 68 athletes (age 6-16 years; mean age 10 years) who participated in karate during the 1995-1996 season. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence or absence of injury, with grading of injuries as major, moderate or minor. The types of injuries and body region involved were also analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty eight percent of athletes sustained at least one injury. All injuries were minor, with no time off from training required. The injuries consisted primarily of bruises (11 of 19). Other injuries included mild sprains or strains (5 of 19) and having their 'wind knocked out' (3 of 19). Most injuries were localized to the extremities. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for injury. Risk of injury increased with number of years of training (odds ratio 2.95; 95% confidence interval 1.81-4.82; P<0.0001), number of hours per week (odds ratio 2.12; CI 1.15-4.21; P = 0.016) and rank, specifically brown belt versus lower belts (odds ratio 6.56; CI 2.02-21.26; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Karate is a relatively safe sport for children and adolescents when properly taught. Risk of injury increases with experience; therefore, greater supervision is required of higher ranks. Injury increases with weekly training; however, 3 h a week or less appears to be associated with a low risk of significant injury in this age group. PMID: 10776860 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 7: Sportverletz Sportschaden 1999 Mar;13(1):17-21 [15 years insurance statistics of incidents and accident types of combat sports injuries of the Rhineland-Pfalz Federal Sports Club] [Article in German] Raschka C, Parzeller M, Banzer W. Abt. fur Sportmedizin, Institut fur Sportwissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt/M. The primary intention of this study is the grouping of sports accidents, being described by the athletes in their own words in a classification system of specific accident classes with regard to specific motions and topography. The investigation is based on the data of the sports insurance Gerling-Konzern during a 15-year period in Rhineland Palatinate (1981-1995). The study is based on the insurance documents and clinical protocols if available. 137 accident protocols were related to this 15-year period including weight lifting (n = 1) and martial arts (n = 136). Listed in hierarchical order we received the following results: judo (n = 47), karate (n = 44), wrestling (n = 22), taekwondo (n = 9), boxing (n = 7), ju-jutsu (n = 5), fencing (n = 1) and aikido (n = 1). In accordance to accident types there were no sex related differences. As special preventive measures we suggest the use of protective mouthguards and solid glasses, proprioceptive training and physiological taping for knee, ankle and elbow joints. PMID: 10407960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 8: J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1999 Jun;39(2):147-53 Head and neck injuries in young taekwondo athletes. Pieter W, Zemper ED. School of Health and Sports Science, University of North London, UK. BACKGROUND: To investigate the location, type, situation and mechanism of head and neck injuries in young taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Experimental design: Prospective. Setting: National and international taekwondo tournaments. Participants: 3,341 boys and 917 girls, aged 6 to 16 years. Measures: Injury rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (A-E) for total number of head and neck injuries, location, type, situation, and mechanism of injury. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between young male and female taekwondo athletes in total head and neck injury rate (p < 0.001) with the boys (21.42/1,000 A-E) recording a higher rate than the girls (16.91/1,000 A-E). The head was the most often injured body part (6.10/1,000 A-E and 4.55/1,000 A-E for boys and girls, respectively). The contusion was the most often occurring injury type for both boys (8.41/1,000 A-E) and girls (7.80/1,000 A-E). The cerebral concussion ranked second in both boys (5.11/1,000 A-E) and girls (4.55/1,000 A-E). The unblocked attack was the major injury situation for both boys (19.78/1,000 A-E) and girls (14.96/1,000 A-E). As a consequence, the major injury mechanism was receiving a blow (20.93/1,000 A-E and 16.25/1,000 A-E for boys and girls, respectively). Only the boys (0.66/1,000 A-E) incurred the most serious head and neck injuries that resulted in > or = 21 days away from participation. CONCLUSIONS: The national and international taekwondo governing bodies should review their current injury prevention measures. Given the potentially debilitating nature of these injuries, implications for any diagnostic capabilities on site should be carefully reviewed. PMID: 10399424 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 9: Br J Sports Med 1999 Jun;33(3):174-7 Injury rates in Shotokan karate. Critchley GR, Mannion S, Meredith C. Atkinson Morley Neuroscience Centre, Wimbledon, London, UK. OBJECTIVE: To document the injury rate in three British Shotokan karate championships in consecutive years. In these tournaments strict rules governed contact, with only "light" or "touch" contact allowed. Protective padding for the head, hands, or feet was prohibited. METHODS: Prospective recording of injuries resulting from 1770 bouts in three national competitions of 1996, 1997, and 1998. Details of ages and years of karate experience were also obtained. RESULTS: 160 injuries were sustained in 1770 bouts. The overall rate of injury was 0.09 per bout and 0.13 per competitor. 91 (57%) injuries were to the head. The average age of those injured was 22 years, with an average of nine years of experience in karate. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of protective padding does not result in higher injury rates than in most other series of Shotokan karate injuries. Strict refereeing is essential, however, to maintain control and minimise contact. PMID: 10378069 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10: J R Soc Health 1998 Oct;118(5):272-9 Incidence of reported cerebral concussion in adult taekwondo athletes. Pieter W, Zemper ED. School of Health and Sports Science, University of North London. The purpose of the present study was to assess the exact conditions under which cerebral concussions occur in full-contact taekwondo competition. Injury data were collected by project staff and tournament medical personnel with simple check-off forms that describe the athlete and nature, site, circumstances and severity of the injury. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference in injury rate between men and women. The men (7.04/1,000 athlete-exposures) sustained more cerebral concussions than the women (2.42/1,000 athlete-exposures) (p < 0.001). The dominant injury mechanism in both the males and females was receiving a blow (6.46/1,000 athlete-exposures and 2.42/1,000 athlete-exposures for the men and women, respectively). PMID: 10076687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 11: Br J Sports Med 1998 Sep;32(3):220-5 Sport and active recreation injuries in Australia: evidence from emergency department presentations. Finch C, Valuri G, Ozanne-Smith J. School of Human Movement, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia. OBJECTIVE: Despite the rise in specialist clinical services for the management of sports and active recreation injury, many patients attend hospital emergency departments for treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe sports injury cases presented to selected hospital emergency departments around Australia for the period 1989-1993. METHODS: Routinely collected emergency department injury presentation data from the Australian National Injury Surveillance Unit were examined. Data on 98,040 sports and active recreation emergency department presentations were analysed. Sports and active recreation activities were ranked according to frequency of presentation. Relative proportions of injury type and body region injured were determined. Data are presented separately for children (<15 years of age) and adults (>15 years of age). RESULTS: Among the 10 activities that most commonly led to a sports or active recreation injury presentation for all ages were cycling, Australian football, basketball, soccer, cricket, netball, and rugby. For children, injuries were also commonly associated with roller skating/blading, skateboarding, and trampolining. Hockey, martial arts, and dancing injuries were frequent in adults. Most sporting injuries occurred during organised competition or practice whereas the active recreation injuries occurred in a variety of settings. Fractures, strains, and sprains, particularly to the lower and upper extremities, were common types of injury. CONCLUSION: The rich, but nevertheless limited, information available about sports and active recreation injuries from data collected in emergency departments indicates that these activities are a common context for injury at the community level in Australia. PMID: 9773170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 12: J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1998 Jun;88(6):268-78 Foot and ankle injuries among martial artists. Results of a survey. Burks JB, Satterfield K. Winona Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 46280, USA. The practice of the martial arts is associated with a variety of lower-extremity injuries. Previous studies of the martial arts have examined injuries to the entire body, while providing only limited information on trauma to the foot and ankle. After a comprehensive review of the literature on martial arts injuries, the authors report the results of a survey on foot and ankle injuries sustained by martial arts practitioners. Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 9642907 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 13: J Trauma 1997 Jul;43(1):89-95; discussion 95-6 Injury rates in children participating in taekwondo competition. Pieter W, Zemper ED. School of Health and Sports Science, University of North London, United Kingdom. hxczpieterw@unl.ac.uk OBJECTIVE: To report rates of injuries sustained during Junior taekwondo competitions. DESIGN: Prospective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected with simple check-off forms that describe the athlete, nature, site, circumstances, and severity of the injury at three major taekwondo tournaments involving a total of 3,341 boys and 917 girls. MAIN RESULTS: No difference was found between boys (58.34/1,000 athlete-exposures) and girls (56.57/1,000 athlete-exposures) in total injury rate (p > 0.05). Collapsed over gender, significant differences (p = 0.013) in injury rates of body parts were found with the lower extremities (21.83/1,000 athlete-exposures) ranked first. Unblocked attacks are the major cause of injury in both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: Coaches are advised to work on the blocking skills of their Junior taekwondo athletes. No head contact for children in taekwondo competition should also be considered. PMID: 9253914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 14: Am J Sports Med 1996;24(6 Suppl):S72-9 Trauma epidemiology in the martial arts. The results of an eighteen-year international survey. Birrer RB. Catholic Medical Center, Jamaica, NY 11432, USA. PMID: 8947435 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15: BMJ 1995 Dec 2;311(7018):1465-8 Comment in: BMJ. 1996 Mar 30;312(7034):844. BMJ. 1996 Mar 30;312(7034):844-5. Acute injuries in soccer, ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, judo, and karate: analysis of national registry data. Kujala UM, Taimela S, Antti-Poika I, Orava S, Tuominen R, Myllynen P. Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. OBJECTIVE--To determine the acute injury profile in each of six sports and compare the injury rates between the sports. DESIGN--Analysis of national sports injury insurance registry data. SETTING--Finland during 1987-91. SUBJECTS--621,691 person years of exposure among participants in soccer, ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, judo, or karate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Acute sports injuries requiring medical treatment and reported to the insurance company on structured forms by the patients and their doctors. RESULTS--54,186 sports injuries were recorded. Injury rates were low in athletes aged under 15, while 20-24 year olds had the highest rates. Differences in injury rates between the sports were minor in this adult age group. Overall injury rates were higher in sports entailing more frequent and powerful body contact. Each sport had a specific injury profile. Fractures and dental injuries were most common in ice hockey and karate and least frequent in volleyball. Knee injuries were the most common cause of permanent disability. CONCLUSIONS--Based on the defined injury profiles in the different sports it is recommended that sports specific preventive measures should be employed to decrease the number of violent contacts between athletes, including improved game rules supported by careful refereeing. To prevent dental injuries the wearing of mouth guards should be encouraged, especially in ice hockey, karate, and basketball. PMID: 8520333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 16: Br J Sports Med 1995 Dec;29(4):258-62 Precompetition injury and subsequent tournament performance in full-contact taekwondo. Feehan M, Waller AE. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of injuries sustained by taekwondo competitors, and how previous injury affects performance in sporting competition. METHODS: Competitors at a major New Zealand full-contact taekwondo tournament were given a comprehensive questionnaire immediately before competition. Self reports of injuries sustained through taekwondo in the previous 12 months were determined. RESULTS: No significant sex differences were found. The injury prevalence was high, but comparatively less than reported for other contact sports such as rugby football. However, one in 20 injuries was a closed head injury. No significant associations between prior injury and tournament outcome were found. CONCLUSIONS: Taekwondo can be a source of disabling injury. However, the fact that prior injury did not appear to be associated with impaired competition performance may militate against acceptance of control and regulation by competitors and coaches. PMID: 8808541 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 17: Chest 1995 Sep;108(3):885-6 Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema caused by strained utterance. Is it characteristic of the Japanese? Matsushima T, Yoneyama H, Yano T. Publication Types: Letter PMID: 7656655 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 18: J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1992 Jun;32(2):214-20 Trends in sports injuries, 1982-1988: an in-depth study on four types of sport. Tenvergert EM, Ten Duis HJ, Klasen HJ. Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Groningen, The Netherlands. In this study, we analyzed the records of both inpatients and outpatients which were treated for acute sports injuries in the Trauma Department of the University of Groningen (The Netherlands) during the years 1982 to 1988. We examined whether there was a trend in sports injuries in this time period. The study comprised four types of sports, i.e., soccer, volleyball, gymnastics, and martial arts. The absolutely highest rates of injuries across the seven years were found in soccer, followed by gymnastics, volleyball, and martial arts. Injuries sustained at participating in soccer, volleyball, and gymnastics involved for the major part the lower extremities, followed by injuries of the upper extremities, whereas the reverse pattern was observed for patients who participated in martial arts. For all four types of sport, the ankle and foot were the most frequently site of injury of the lower extremities. Sprains and strains were the major types of injury. Most injuries were seen at ages between 10 and 30 years. The ratio of male to female patients within age groups did not differ significantly across the seven years. We concluded that, except for martial arts, the increased participation in sports in the last decade was not accompanied with a change in the patterns of sports injuries by the patients' age, sex, and number and nature of the injury. This consistency in results can be used to guide the development of prevention programs aimed at a reduction of injuries in specific sports. PMID: 1434593 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 19: J Trauma 1991 Feb;31(2):251-3 Morbidity and mortality in the martial arts: a warning. Oler M, Tomson W, Pepe H, Yoon D, Branoff R, Branch J. Halifax Medical Center, Daytona Beach, FL. Approximately 1.5 to 2 million Americans participate in the martial arts. Injury anecdotes are reported from 10 years of providing medical coverage at martial arts activities. Included are data from two national Tae Kwon Do tournaments, one adult and one junior level. Previously unreported injuries, including a video-recorded fatality, demonstrate the danger inherent in participation. Of particular concern is the potential for serious neurologic injury. Recommendations are made for reducing the severity and frequency of injuries. PMID: 1994086 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 20: Am J Sports Med 1988 Jul-Aug;16(4):408-10 Martial arts injuries. The results of a five year national survey. Birrer RB, Halbrook SP. Department of Family Practice, Geisenger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822. A 5 year national survey of martial arts was done using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Seventy-four percent of the injuries involved the extremities and 95% were mild to moderate in nature. Even though most of the injury types were contusions/abrasions (36%). lacerations (14%), and sprains/strains (28%), 15% were dislocations and fractures. Five percent of all injuries were severe, and there were 18 hospitalizations. There were no deaths. Weapon-related injuries were rare and never serious. Overall, the risk of serious injury in the sport was found to be low, especially when compared to other contact sports. PMID: 3189668 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 21: Minerva Stomatol 1984 Jul-Aug;33(4):743-5 [Maxillofacial injuries in sports practice: the martial arts] [Article in Italian] Borgogna E, Re F, Re G, Viterbo S, Fogliano F. PMID: 6593595 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 22: Br J Sports Med 1983 Jun;17(2):131-3 Unreported injuries in the Martial Arts. Birrer RB, Birrer CD. PMID: 6883022 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 23: J Sports Med 1975 Jan-Feb;3(1):44-7 The martial arts and the caucasian knee: "a tiger by the tail". Klein KK. PMID: 1195699 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.400 / Virus Database: 226 - Release Date: 10/9/2002 --__--__-- _______________________________________________ The_Dojang mailing list The_Dojang@martialartsresource.net http://martialartsresource.net/mailman/listinfo/the_dojang http://the-dojang.net It's a great day for Taekwondo! Support the USTU by joining today. US Taekwondo Union, 1 Olympic Plaza, Ste 104C, Colorado Spgs, CO 80909 719-866-4632 FAX 719-866-4642 ustutkd1@aol.com http://www.ustu.org Old digest issues are available via ftp://ftp.martialartsresource.com. Copyright 1994-2002: Ray Terry and http://MartialArtsResource.com Standard disclaimers apply. Remember 9-11! End of The_Dojang Digest